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                        Flask框架
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                            <b>1.</b>
                        
                        路由和视图
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                            <b>1.1.</b>
                        
                        Flask简介
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                            <b>1.2.</b>
                        
                        虚拟环境
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                            <b>1.3.</b>
                        
                        HelloWorld
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                            <b>1.4.</b>
                        
                        相关配置参数
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                            <b>1.5.</b>
                        
                        路由信息
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                            <b>1.6.</b>
                        
                        响应信息
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                            <b>1.7.</b>
                        
                        转换器
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                            <b>1.8.</b>
                        
                        abort,errorhandler
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                            <b>1.9.</b>
                        
                        请求钩子
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                            <b>1.10.</b>
                        
                        request请求参数
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                            <b>2.</b>
                        
                        视图内容和模板
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                            <b>2.1.</b>
                        
                        状态保持(cookie,session)
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                            <b>2.1.1.</b>
                        
                        Cookie
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                            <b>2.1.2.</b>
                        
                        Session
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                            <b>2.2.</b>
                        
                        上下文(理解)
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                            <b>2.3.</b>
                        
                        flask_script扩展
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                            <b>2.4.</b>
                        
                        jinja2模板概念
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                            <b>2.5.</b>
                        
                        render_template函数,模板语法
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                            <b>2.6.</b>
                        
                        模板过自带滤器
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                            <b>2.7.</b>
                        
                        自定义过滤器
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                            <b>2.8.</b>
                        
                        模板案例练习
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                            <b>2.9.</b>
                        
                        模板代码复用
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                            <b>2.9.1.</b>
                        
                        宏
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                            <b>2.9.2.</b>
                        
                        继承
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                            <b>2.9.3.</b>
                        
                        包含
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                            <b>2.10.</b>
                        
                        模板特有变量
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                            <b>2.11.</b>
                        
                        csrf攻击
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                            <b>3.</b>
                        
                        数据库
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                            <b>3.1.</b>
                        
                        ORM概述
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                            <b>3.2.</b>
                        
                        Flask-SQLAlchemy安装及配置
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                            <b>3.3.</b>
                        
                        数据库的基本操作
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                            <b>3.4.</b>
                        
                        综合案例-图书管理
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                            <b>3.4.1.</b>
                        
                        数据库配置信息&amp;模型类创建
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                    <a href="../shu-ju-ku/zong-he-an-4f8b-tu-shu-guan-li/shu-ju-ku-biao-chuang-5efa26-ce-shi-shu-ju-tian-jia.html">
                
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                            <b>3.4.2.</b>
                        
                        数据库表创建&amp;测试数据添加
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.3" data-path="shu-ju-ku/zong-he-an-4f8b-tu-shu-guan-li/shu-ju-xian-793a26-biao-dan-tian-jia.html">
            
                
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                            <b>3.4.3.</b>
                        
                        数据显示
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                            <b>3.4.4.</b>
                        
                        数据添加
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                            <b>3.4.5.</b>
                        
                        删除数据
                    </a>
            
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="shu-ju-ku/duo-dui-duo-yan-lian.html">
            
                
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                            <b>3.5.</b>
                        
                        多对多演练
                    </a>
            
            
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        <li class="chapter active" data-level="3.6" data-path="shu-ju-ku/shu-ju-ku-qian-yi.html">
            
                
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                            <b>3.6.</b>
                        
                        数据库迁移
                    </a>
            
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="3.7" data-path="shu-ju-ku/chang-jian-guan-xi-mo-ban-dai-ma.html">
            
                
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                            <b>3.7.</b>
                        
                        常见关系模板代码
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="4" data-path="lan-tu-dan-yuan-ce-shi.html">
            
                
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                            <b>4.</b>
                        
                        蓝图&amp;单元测试
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="lan-tu-dan-yuan-ce-shi/lan-tu.html">
            
                
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                            <b>4.1.</b>
                        
                        蓝图
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="lan-tu-dan-yuan-ce-shi/dan-yuan-ce-shi.html">
            
                
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                            <b>4.2.</b>
                        
                        单元测试
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<li>&#x5728;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x8FD8;&#x8981;&#x5728;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x65E7;&#x8868;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x4F1A;&#x4E22;&#x5931;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x66F4;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x529E;&#x6CD5;&#x662F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x8FC1;&#x79FB;&#x6846;&#x67B6;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8FFD;&#x8E2A;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x628A;&#x53D8;&#x52A8;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x5728;Flask&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;Flask-Migrate&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#xFF0C;&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x8FC1;&#x79FB;&#x3002;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x96C6;&#x6210;&#x5230;Flask-Script&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x5C31;&#x80FD;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x8FC1;&#x79FB;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#xFF0C;Flask-Migrate&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;MigrateCommand&#x7C7B;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x9644;&#x52A0;&#x5230;flask-script&#x7684;manager&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4E0A;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x8981;&#x5728;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x4E2D;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;Flask-Migrate&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code>pip install flask-migrate
</code></pre><ul>
<li>&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF1A;</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="lang-python"><span class="hljs-comment">#coding=utf-8</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> flask <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Flask

<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> flask_sqlalchemy <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> SQLAlchemy
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> flask_migrate <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Migrate,MigrateCommand
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> flask_script <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Shell,Manager

app = Flask(__name__)
manager = Manager(app)

app.config[<span class="hljs-string">&apos;SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI&apos;</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">&apos;mysql://root:mysql@127.0.0.1:3306/Flask_test&apos;</span>
app.config[<span class="hljs-string">&apos;SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEARDOWN&apos;</span>] = <span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>
app.config[<span class="hljs-string">&apos;SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS&apos;</span>] = <span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>
db = SQLAlchemy(app)

<span class="hljs-comment">#&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x662F;Flask&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x4E2A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x662F;Sqlalchemy&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;</span>
migrate = Migrate(app,db) 

<span class="hljs-comment">#manager&#x662F;Flask-Script&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6761;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x5728;flask-Script&#x4E2D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;db&#x547D;&#x4EE4;</span>
manager.add_command(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;db&apos;</span>,MigrateCommand)

<span class="hljs-comment">#&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x6A21;&#x578B;Role</span>
<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Role</span><span class="hljs-params">(db.Model)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment"># &#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x8868;&#x540D;</span>
    __tablename__ = <span class="hljs-string">&apos;roles&apos;</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment"># &#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x5217;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;</span>
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=<span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>)
    name = db.Column(db.String(<span class="hljs-number">64</span>), unique=<span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>)
    user = db.relationship(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;User&apos;</span>, backref=<span class="hljs-string">&apos;role&apos;</span>)

    <span class="hljs-comment">#repr()&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53EF;&#x8BFB;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#xFF0C;</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__repr__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;Role:&apos;</span>.format(self.name)

<span class="hljs-comment">#&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7528;&#x6237;</span>
<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">User</span><span class="hljs-params">(db.Model)</span>:</span>
    __talbe__ = <span class="hljs-string">&apos;users&apos;</span>
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=<span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>)
    username = db.Column(db.String(<span class="hljs-number">64</span>), unique=<span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>, index=<span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>)
    <span class="hljs-comment">#&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x5916;&#x952E;</span>
    role_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;roles.id&apos;</span>))

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__repr__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;User:&apos;</span>.format(self.username)


<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;__main__&apos;</span>:
    manager.run()
</code></pre>
<h3 id="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x8FC1;&#x79FB;&#x4ED3;&#x5E93;">&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x8FC1;&#x79FB;&#x4ED3;&#x5E93;</h3>
<pre><code>#&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x4F1A;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;migrations&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5939;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x8FC1;&#x79FB;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x90FD;&#x653E;&#x5728;&#x91CC;&#x9762;&#x3002;
python database.py db init
</code></pre><p><img src="../assets/db_init.png" alt="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x8FC1;&#x79FB;&#x4ED3;&#x5E93;"></p>
<h3 id="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x8FC1;&#x79FB;&#x811A;&#x672C;">&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x8FC1;&#x79FB;&#x811A;&#x672C;</h3>
<ul>
<li>&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x8FC1;&#x79FB;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;<ul>
<li>upgrade()&#xFF1A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x628A;&#x8FC1;&#x79FB;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6539;&#x52A8;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;</li>
<li>downgrade()&#xFF1A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5219;&#x5C06;&#x6539;&#x52A8;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;&#x8FC1;&#x79FB;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x4F1A;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x548C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x7684;&#x5DEE;&#x5F02;&#xFF0C;&#x751F;&#x6210;upgrade()&#x548C;downgrade()&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x5BF9;&#x6BD4;&#x4E0D;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x9057;&#x6F0F;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x7EC6;&#x8282;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x68C0;&#x67E5;</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>python database.py db migrate -m &apos;initial migration&apos;
</code></pre><p><img src="../assets/migration.png" alt="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x8FC1;&#x79FB;&#x811A;&#x672C;"></p>
<h3 id="&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;">&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;</h3>
<pre><code>python database.py db upgrade
</code></pre><h3 id="&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4EE5;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x7248;&#x672C;">&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4EE5;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x7248;&#x672C;</h3>
<p>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6839;&#x636E;history&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x627E;&#x5230;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x53F7;,&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x4F20;&#x7ED9;downgrade&#x547D;&#x4EE4;:</p>
<pre><code>python app.py db history

&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#xFF1A;&lt;base&gt; -&gt;  &#x7248;&#x672C;&#x53F7; (head), initial migration
</code></pre><ul>
<li>&#x56DE;&#x6EDA;&#x5230;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7248;&#x672C;</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>python app.py db downgrade &#x7248;&#x672C;&#x53F7;
</code></pre><h3 id="&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;">&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;:</h3>
<ul>
<li>1.python &#x6587;&#x4EF6; db init</li>
<li>2.python &#x6587;&#x4EF6; db migrate -m&quot;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x540D;(&#x6CE8;&#x91CA;)&quot;</li>
<li>3.python &#x6587;&#x4EF6; db upgrade &#x7136;&#x540E;&#x89C2;&#x5BDF;&#x8868;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;</li>
<li>4.&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x9700;&#x6C42;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x6A21;&#x578B;</li>
<li>5.python &#x6587;&#x4EF6; db migrate -m&quot;&#x65B0;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x540D;(&#x6CE8;&#x91CA;)&quot; </li>
<li>6.python &#x6587;&#x4EF6; db upgrade &#x7136;&#x540E;&#x89C2;&#x5BDF;&#x8868;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;</li>
<li>7.&#x82E5;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7248;&#x672C;,&#x5219;&#x5229;&#x7528; python &#x6587;&#x4EF6; db history&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x53F7;</li>
<li>8.python &#x6587;&#x4EF6; db downgrade(upgrade) &#x7248;&#x672C;&#x53F7;</li>
</ul>

                    
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